The history of the Jewish community in Bangladesh dates back to 17th century, when some Jews from Iran and Iraq, settled in East Bengal, now Bangladesh, in the 1800s under British rule. Throughout the 19th century and first part of the 20th century, Baghdadi Jews continued to run businesses in Dhaka, but most resided in Calcutta.

At the time of the Partition of Bengal and India in 1947, there were only about 135 Jews residing in East Bengal in Dhaka.

By the late 1960s, many of the Jewish community had left for Calcutta. Today there are only a handful of Jews still living in Dhaka.